Knowledge Center
Guides, FAQs & Resources from CA Mitul Pujara
Practical CA-curated answers to the tax, GST, and compliance questions our clients ask most. Bookmark this page — we update it as the law changes.
Free Tools
CA-Curated Calculators for Indian Tax & Compliance
Interactive tools built by Chartered Accountants — old vs new regime, capital gains, HRA, NRI TDS and more. Free, no sign-up.
Income Tax
Income Tax Calculator — Old vs New Regime
Compare your AY 2026-27 (FY 2025-26) tax liability under both regimes side-by-side. Slabs, rebate, surcharge and cess all included.
Use calculatorInvestment
ROI & NPV Calculator
Compare up to 3 investment options using Discounted Cash Flow analysis. ROI, NPV, payback period — for capex and project decisions.
Use calculatorIncome Tax
HRA Exemption Calculator
Compute HRA exemption with the three-prong test — actual HRA, 50/40% of basic salary, and rent paid minus 10% of basic.
Use calculatorIncome Tax
Capital Gains Calculator (LTCG / STCG)
Compute long-term and short-term capital gains on equity, debt mutual funds and property. Updated for Budget 2024 rates.
Use calculatorIncome Tax
Advance Tax Calculator
Quarterly advance tax computation (15% / 45% / 75% / 100%) with interest under 234B and 234C for any shortfall.
Use calculatorIT & Software
ESOP Tax Calculator — Perquisite + Capital Gains
Two-stage ESOP tax — exercise-time perquisite at slab rate plus sale-time capital gains. Includes Section 192(1C) DPIIT startup deferral check.
Use calculatorNRI Taxation
NRI Residential Status Calculator
Section 6 day-count test — NRI / RNOR / ROR. Includes the 120-day high-income visitor rule and Section 6(1A) deemed-resident check.
Use calculatorNRI Taxation
NRI Property Sale TDS Refund Calculator
Compute the actual capital gains tax due vs the 20%-on-sale-value TDS the buyer will deduct. Shows your refund exposure and the Section 197 case for a lower-TDS certificate.
Use calculatorNRI Taxation
USD 1M NRO Repatriation Tracker
Track your USD 1 million annual NRO repatriation cap usage, plan Form 145 / 146 (formerly 15CA / 15CB) filings, and estimate remaining headroom.
Use calculatorGST
GST Late Fee & Interest Calculator
Compute late fee under Section 47 (₹50 / ₹20 per day) plus 18% interest under Section 50 for delayed GSTR-1, GSTR-3B and GSTR-9 filings.
Use calculatorNeed a custom computation today? Talk to our team — we run the calculation by hand for every NRI / startup / IT client engagement.
Articles & Guides
Plain-English Explainers on Tax & Compliance
Practical guides written for business owners and individuals — no jargon, just what you need to act on.
IT & Software
SEZ vs STPI vs GIFT City vs 80-IAC — IT Exporter Guide
Four tax-incentive structures for IT exporters compared — SEZ (legacy), STPI, GIFT City IFSC and Section 80-IAC startup holiday. Sunset dates, eligibility, real tax savings, decision framework.
Read moreStartups
Section 192(1C) ESOP TDS Deferral — Only 1.9% Qualify
Section 192(1C) lets eligible startups defer ESOP perquisite TDS for up to 48 months. Only 3,700 of 197,000 DPIIT startups qualify. IMB process, eligibility, claim mechanics explained.
Read moreConstruction & Real Estate
JDA Taxation — Section 45(5A) for Landowners
Joint Development Agreement (JDA) taxation explained. Section 45(5A) deferred capital gains for individual/HUF landowners. Date of supply rules, computation example, GST overlay, common pitfalls.
Read moreConstruction & Real Estate
GST on Real Estate — 1% / 5% Rates Explained
GST on real estate explained — 1% on affordable housing, 5% on other residential, ITC restrictions, under-construction vs ready-to-move sales, commercial property rates.
Read moreConstruction & Real Estate
RERA Registration for Builders & Developers — Step by Step
RERA project registration step-by-step for builders and developers. Eligibility thresholds, application documents, Gujarat RERA process, ongoing compliance and penalty for delays.
Read moreNRI Taxation
Returning NRI Checklist — RNOR Window Tax Planning
Complete checklist for NRIs returning to India — RNOR window planning, ESOP exercise timing, foreign asset transition, NRE / NRO account redesignation, Schedule FA implications.
Read moreNRI Taxation
DTAA India — UK / US / UAE Treaty Rate Guide
Complete DTAA rate comparison for India's three biggest NRI corridors — UK, US, UAE. Withholding rates by income type, TRC and Form 10F requirements, Form 67 foreign tax credit.
Read moreNRI Taxation
Section 197 Lower TDS Certificate — Step by Step for NRI Sellers
How to apply for a Section 197 lower TDS certificate before selling property in India as an NRI. Form 13 process, AO timeline, documents needed, common rejection reasons.
Read moreIncome Tax
ITR-3 & ITR-4 Due Date — 31 August 2026 (Not July 31)
Finance Bill 2026 shifted the ITR-3 and ITR-4 non-audit business return deadline from 31 July to 31 August for AY 2026-27. Who is affected, what's still due on 31 July, and why most online content still has the wrong date.
Read moreGST
GST Registration in 3 Days — Rule 9A & Rule 14A
CBIC Notification 18/2025 introduced Rule 9A (low-risk auto-approval) and Rule 14A (small B2B) effective 1 November 2025 — 96% of new applicants now get GST registration in 3 working days. Eligibility, documents, and what changed.
Read moreNRI Taxation
Form 145 & 146 Replaced 15CA & 15CB (Apr 2026)
Forms 15CA and 15CB have been renumbered to Forms 145 and 146 effective 1 April 2026. What changed, what stayed, the ₹5 lakh threshold, DTAA verification, and how the NRI remittance pipeline works under the new numbering.
Read moreNRI Taxation
TDS on Property Sale by NRI — the 20% Trap
When an NRI sells property in India, buyers wrongly deduct 20%+ TDS on the full sale value. Section 197 lower-TDS certificate fixes it. Capital gains rules, exemptions, refund timeline — explained.
Read moreNRI Taxation
NRO vs NRE vs FCNR — Which NRI Account Do You Need?
The three NRI bank accounts compared — taxability, repatriation rules, currency risk, joint-holder rules and when to switch. Plain-English guide by Pujara & Co, CAs in Ahmedabad.
Read moreStartups
Section 80-IAC Startup Tax Holiday — Eligibility & Claim
Three-year profit-linked tax holiday for DPIIT-recognised startups under Section 80-IAC. Eligibility, DPIIT recognition flow, holiday window, claim mechanics and common rejections — by Pujara & Co, CAs in Ahmedabad.
Read moreIncome Tax
TDS Rates & Due Dates FY 2025-26 (AY 2026-27)
Complete TDS rate chart for FY 2025-26 — Section 192, 194A, 194C, 194J, 194I, 194Q, 194T (partner remuneration), 195. Thresholds, deposit due dates, quarterly returns, penalties.
Read moreCompany Law
Pvt Ltd vs LLP vs OPC — Which Structure Fits?
Compare Private Limited Company, Limited Liability Partnership and One Person Company on compliance, taxation, funding, founder remuneration and exit — by Pujara & Co, CAs in Ahmedabad.
Read moreNRI Taxation
NRI Tax Residency Rules in India — 182 / 120 Day Test
How residential status is determined under Indian income tax — the 182-day test, the 120-day rule for high-income Indians abroad, RNOR status, and what each means for your tax liability.
Read moreIncome Tax
Are You Required to File ITR? AY 2026-27
Are you legally required to file ITR for AY 2026-27? Income thresholds, mandatory-file triggers, ITR-1 / ITR-2 / ITR-4 utility release status and penalties for not filing.
Read moreGST
GST Registration Threshold in India — Limits & Rules
When is GST registration compulsory in India? Turnover limits for goods and services, special-category states, compulsory registration triggers and the composition scheme — explained by Pujara & Co, CAs in Ahmedabad.
Read moreIncome Tax
ITR Filing Guide for AY 2026-27 (FY 2025-26)
Complete CA-curated guide to filing your Income Tax Return for AY 2026-27 — choosing the right ITR form, old vs new regime, documents, deadlines and common mistakes.
Read moreFrequently Asked Questions
The Questions Our Clients Ask Most
Income Tax
Who is required to file an Income Tax Return in India?
Any individual with gross total income above the basic exemption limit (Rs. 2.5 lakh under old regime / Rs. 3 lakh under new regime for FY 2024-25), residents with foreign assets, anyone claiming a refund, and businesses/professionals as per Section 139 must file an ITR.
What is the difference between the old and new tax regimes?
The new regime offers lower slab rates but removes most deductions (80C, 80D, HRA etc.). The old regime keeps higher rates but allows full deductions. The right choice depends on your investments, home loan interest and salary structure — we run a side-by-side computation for every client.
What happens if I miss the ITR due date?
A belated return can be filed until 31 December of the assessment year with a late fee under Section 234F (up to Rs. 5,000) plus interest under Section 234A. Losses cannot be carried forward (except house property loss) if the return is belated.
GST
What is the turnover threshold for GST registration?
Rs. 40 lakh for goods (Rs. 20 lakh in special-category states) and Rs. 20 lakh for services. Inter-state suppliers, e-commerce operators and casual taxable persons must register irrespective of turnover.
Can I claim Input Tax Credit on all purchases?
Only on purchases used for business, where the supplier has filed GSTR-1 and the invoice appears in your GSTR-2B, and where ITC is not blocked under Section 17(5) (e.g. motor vehicles, food & beverages, club memberships).
What are GSTR-9 and GSTR-9C?
GSTR-9 is the annual return summarising the year's outward & inward supplies and tax paid. GSTR-9C is a self-certified reconciliation statement, mandatory for taxpayers with turnover above Rs. 5 crore.
Company & ROC
What is the minimum capital required to start a Private Limited Company?
There is no minimum paid-up capital requirement since the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2015. You can incorporate with as little as Rs. 1 lakh authorised capital — most founders start with Rs. 1 lakh to Rs. 10 lakh.
What annual ROC filings are mandatory for a Private Limited Company?
Form AOC-4 (financial statements) within 30 days of AGM and Form MGT-7 (annual return) within 60 days of AGM. DIR-3 KYC for every director by 30 September each year. Non-filing attracts daily penalties.
TDS
When is TDS required to be deducted by a business?
When making payments above specified thresholds — salary (Sec 192), contractor (194C, threshold Rs. 30,000/single or Rs. 1 lakh/annual), rent (194I), professional fees (194J), commission (194H), etc. The deductor must hold a TAN.
What are the consequences of late TDS deposit?
Interest @ 1% per month from date of deduction-due to actual deduction, and @ 1.5% per month from deduction to deposit. Plus late-filing fees under Section 234E (Rs. 200/day) for delayed returns.
Compliance Calendar
Key Tax & GST Due Dates
Mark these in your calendar. We send our retainer clients reminders 10 days in advance.
- 15 Jun
1st Advance Tax instalment (15%)
- 31 Jul
ITR filing — Individuals (non-audit)
- 15 Sep
2nd Advance Tax instalment (45%)
- 30 Sep
Tax Audit u/s 44AB report
- 31 Oct
ITR filing — Audit cases
- 30 Nov
Transfer Pricing report (Form 3CEB)
- 15 Dec
3rd Advance Tax instalment (75%)
- 31 Dec
Belated / Revised ITR
- 15 Mar
4th Advance Tax instalment (100%)
- 11th of each month
GSTR-1 monthly filers
- 20th of each month
GSTR-3B & tax payment
- 7th of each month
TDS deposit for previous month
Resources & Downloads
Checklists & Reference Sheets
Free resources we share with clients. Request any download by WhatsApp and we'll send it across.
ITR Filing Checklist (FY 2024-25)
Documents and information you need before we start drafting your return.
Request via WhatsAppIncome Tax Slab Rates — Old vs New
Quick-reference chart for FY 2024-25 across income brackets.
Request via WhatsAppCompany Incorporation — Documents List
DSC, DIN, proof of office, capital structure and MOA/AOA essentials.
Request via WhatsAppGST Rate Finder Worksheet
HSN/SAC-wise rate reference for common business categories.
Request via WhatsAppHave a Question We Haven't Covered?
Send it to CA Mitul Pujara directly — we usually reply within a few hours and may add the answer to this page.